time and are always ready to strike at an opportunity

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releasing reactions in the cell produce hydrogen peroxide as an end-product. This compound, which is toxic to the cell, is split to water and oxygen by the action of catalase. 2H2O2 = 2H2O + O2

Samples of liver and yeast are dropped into hydrogen peroxide. Oxygen is evolved and the student is asked to extend the experiment to try and decide if an enzyme in the tissues is responsible. The experiments and the questions take about one hour.

Prior knowledge. The existence of inorganic catalysts; enzymes denatured on boiling; oxygen relights a glowing splint.

Advance preparation and materials – per group

20 volume hydrogen peroxide 50 cm3

splint

liver, about 1 cm cube

distilled water 20 cm3

dried yeast about 1 g

clean sand about 1 g

activated charcoal granules, about 1 g

Apparatus – per group

test-tube rack and 4 test-tubes

forceps or seeker for pushing liver into test-tube

4 labels or spirit marker

filter funnel

Bunsen burner

filter paper

test-tube holder

mortar and pestle

Experiment

The investigation below is a fairly critical examination of plant and animal tissues to see if
they contain catalase.

(a) Label three test-tubes 1-3.

(b) Pour about 20 mm (depth) hydrogen peroxide into each tube.

(c) Cut the liver into 3 pieces.

(d) To tube 1 add a small piece of liver, and to tube 2 add a pinch of dried yeast.

(e) Insert a glowing splint into tubes 1 and 2, bringing it close to the liquid surface or into the upper part of the froth.

1 Describe what you saw happening and the effect on the glowing splint.

2 How do you interpret these observations?

3 Is there any evidence from this experiment so far, to indicate whether the gas is coming from the hydrogen peroxide or from the solid?

4 Is there any evidence at this stage that an enzyme is involved in the production of gas in this reaction?

(f) In tube 3 place a few granules of charcoal and observe the reaction.

5 Could charcoal be an enzyme? Explain your answer.

6 Assuming (i) that the gas in (f) is the same as before and (ii) that the charcoal is almost pure carbon, does the result with charcoal help you to decide on the source of the gas in this and the previous experiments?

(g) Suppose the hypothesis is advanced that there is an enzyme in the liver and yeast, which decomposes hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water; design and carry out a control experiment to test this hypothesis.

7 Record (i) the experiment, (ii) the reasons which led you to conduct it, (iii) the observed
results and (iv) your conclusions.

(h) Wash out the test-tubes. Design and carry out an experiment to see if the supposed enzyme in the plant and animal material can be extracted and still retain its properties. The experiment should include a control.

8 Describe briefly your procedure, your results and your conclusions.

9 Assuming that liver and yeast each contain an enzyme which splits hydrogen peroxide, is there any evidence to show that it is the same enzyme? What would have to be done to find this out for certain?

Discussion – answers

1 Effervescence should be observed in each case but it is more vigorous with yeast than with liver. The glowing splint should relight.

2 Oxygen is being produced.

3 There is no evidence to indicate whether the liquid or solid is giving the gas. If the students think that a solid is unlikely to give off a gas they could be reminded of marble and hydrochloric acid in which it is the solid producing the carbon dioxide. It seems less likely, however, that
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numerous routines, and go through each twenty four hours in a very similar way that we go through the past one.

There are times in life where readiness meets opportunity and some might call that luck or coincidence. Albert Einstein said that coincidence is a way for god to stay anonymous. The last thing I am going to preach here is religion so do not really get to worked up over that and keep reading. All I mean to say is that there is no such things as luck as it always needs some sort of intervention. Even a person that wins the lottery had a reason for buying the ticket that moment and time. When the student is ready the master appears, and “Kimi” is a method to really be able to grab the chance when it comes.

Bruce Lee used to amaze people around the world by performing the one inch punch that could collapse even the largest of men. This was the process of “Kimi” in action, as he was able to focus a lot of energy and power and use it in such a graceful way. This same method can work in your daily life an give you explosive power at the exact moment that you need it to accomplish not only your physical goals but spiritual and emotional goals as well.

Many of the martial artists and business people have honed this skill and are able to stay focused for very long amounts of time and are always ready to strike at an opportunity as it comes to them. There is no major difference between them and the rest of the population other than that they have been practicing “Kimi” whether aware of it or not. It is a skill that comes natural to all of us, but as with many things people tend to ignore it as it doesn’t produce instant benefits.

This can be practiced by just about anybody and can be done anywhere. As you go through your day stay relaxed, centered and balanced as much as possible. While performing routine tasks imagine gathering energy constantly from every part and muscle of your body. This energy will just keep expanding within you like a ball of light, and when you need it follow through releasing it instantly. After you do that keep on doing your task as it will become much easier. This practice can work
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